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Guidance for the procurement of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: differences between high- and low-middle-income countries.

Identifieur interne : 000E79 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000E78; suivant : 000E80

Guidance for the procurement of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: differences between high- and low-middle-income countries.

Auteurs : Evan M. Bloch [États-Unis] ; Ruchika Goel [États-Unis] ; Silvano Wendel [Brésil] ; Thierry Burnouf [Taïwan] ; Arwa Z. Al-Riyami ; Ai Leen Ang [Singapour] ; Vincenzo Deangelis [Italie] ; Larry J. Dumont [États-Unis] ; Kevin Land [États-Unis] ; Cheuk-Kwong Lee [République populaire de Chine] ; Adaeze Oreh [Nigeria] ; Gopal Patidar [Inde] ; Steven L. Spitalnik [États-Unis] ; Marion Vermeulen [Afrique du Sud] ; Salwa Hindawi [Arabie saoudite] ; Karin Van Den Berg [Afrique du Sud] ; Pierre Tiberghien [France] ; Hans Vrielink [Pays-Bas] ; Pampee Young [États-Unis] ; Dana Devine [Canada] ; Cynthia So-Osman [Pays-Bas]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:32533868

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and haematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices.

RESULTS

The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption.

CONCLUSION

There has been wide-scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP.


DOI: 10.1111/vox.12970
PubMed: 32533868
PubMed Central: PMC7323328


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Vermeulen, Marion" sort="Vermeulen, Marion" uniqKey="Vermeulen M" first="Marion" last="Vermeulen">Marion Vermeulen</name>
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<name sortKey="Hindawi, Salwa" sort="Hindawi, Salwa" uniqKey="Hindawi S" first="Salwa" last="Hindawi">Salwa Hindawi</name>
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<name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Karin" sort="Van Den Berg, Karin" uniqKey="Van Den Berg K" first="Karin" last="Van Den Berg">Karin Van Den Berg</name>
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<name sortKey="Devine, Dana" sort="Devine, Dana" uniqKey="Devine D" first="Dana" last="Devine">Dana Devine</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="So Osman, Cynthia" sort="So Osman, Cynthia" uniqKey="So Osman C" first="Cynthia" last="So-Osman">Cynthia So-Osman</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL</wicri:regionArea>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Al Riyami, Arwa Z" sort="Al Riyami, Arwa Z" uniqKey="Al Riyami A" first="Arwa Z" last="Al-Riyami">Arwa Z. Al-Riyami</name>
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<name sortKey="Ang, Ai Leen" sort="Ang, Ai Leen" uniqKey="Ang A" first="Ai Leen" last="Ang">Ai Leen Ang</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Deangelis, Vincenzo" sort="Deangelis, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Deangelis V" first="Vincenzo" last="Deangelis">Vincenzo Deangelis</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Transfusion Medicine Dept, Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Transfusion Medicine Dept, Udine University Hospital, Udine</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Dumont, Larry J" sort="Dumont, Larry J" uniqKey="Dumont L" first="Larry J" last="Dumont">Larry J. Dumont</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
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<region type="state">Colorado</region>
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<nlm:affiliation>University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Colorado</region>
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<nlm:affiliation>Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">New Hampshire</region>
</placeName>
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<name sortKey="Land, Kevin" sort="Land, Kevin" uniqKey="Land K" first="Kevin" last="Land">Kevin Land</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Vice President Clinical Services, Vitalant, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vice President Clinical Services, Vitalant, Scottsdale, AZ</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Arizona</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Cheuk Kwong" sort="Lee, Cheuk Kwong" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Cheuk-Kwong" last="Lee">Cheuk-Kwong Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong, China, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong, China</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>China</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>King's Park Rise, Kowloon, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King's Park Rise, Kowloon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kowloon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oreh, Adaeze" sort="Oreh, Adaeze" uniqKey="Oreh A" first="Adaeze" last="Oreh">Adaeze Oreh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Hospital Services, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Hospital Services, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Abuja</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patidar, Gopal" sort="Patidar, Gopal" uniqKey="Patidar G" first="Gopal" last="Patidar">Gopal Patidar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Spitalnik, Steven L" sort="Spitalnik, Steven L" uniqKey="Spitalnik S" first="Steven L" last="Spitalnik">Steven L. Spitalnik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vermeulen, Marion" sort="Vermeulen, Marion" uniqKey="Vermeulen M" first="Marion" last="Vermeulen">Marion Vermeulen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesbur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hindawi, Salwa" sort="Hindawi, Salwa" uniqKey="Hindawi S" first="Salwa" last="Hindawi">Salwa Hindawi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, King Abdalaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, King Abdalaziz University, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Karin" sort="Van Den Berg, Karin" uniqKey="Van Den Berg K" first="Karin" last="Van Den Berg">Karin Van Den Berg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Johannesbur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tiberghien, Pierre" sort="Tiberghien, Pierre" uniqKey="Tiberghien P" first="Pierre" last="Tiberghien">Pierre Tiberghien</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Etablissement Français du Sang, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Etablissement Français du Sang, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vrielink, Hans" sort="Vrielink, Hans" uniqKey="Vrielink H" first="Hans" last="Vrielink">Hans Vrielink</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, Pampee" sort="Young, Pampee" uniqKey="Young P" first="Pampee" last="Young">Pampee Young</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>American Red Cross, Washington, D.C, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>American Red Cross, Washington, D.C</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>D.C</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Devine, Dana" sort="Devine, Dana" uniqKey="Devine D" first="Dana" last="Devine">Dana Devine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="So Osman, Cynthia" sort="So Osman, Cynthia" uniqKey="So Osman C" first="Cynthia" last="So-Osman">Cynthia So-Osman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Vox sanguinis</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1423-0410</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES</b>
</p>
<p>COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and haematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>There has been wide-scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">32533868</PMID>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1423-0410</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<PubDate>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Jun</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Vox sanguinis</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Vox Sang.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Guidance for the procurement of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: differences between high- and low-middle-income countries.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/vox.12970</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and haematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">There has been wide-scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Bloch</LastName>
<ForeName>Evan M</ForeName>
<Initials>EM</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-9517</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Goel</LastName>
<ForeName>Ruchika</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-9905</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Hematology/Oncology, Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU School of Medicine and Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center, Springfield, Illinois, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Wendel</LastName>
<ForeName>Silvano</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Hospital Sirio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Burnouf</LastName>
<ForeName>Thierry</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-9243</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Al-Riyami</LastName>
<ForeName>Arwa Z</ForeName>
<Initials>AZ</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-0650</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Ang</LastName>
<ForeName>Ai Leen</ForeName>
<Initials>AL</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-6862</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>DeAngelis</LastName>
<ForeName>Vincenzo</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-1798</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Transfusion Medicine Dept, Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Dumont</LastName>
<ForeName>Larry J</ForeName>
<Initials>LJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Land</LastName>
<ForeName>Kevin</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Vice President Clinical Services, Vitalant, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Pathology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Cheuk-Kwong</ForeName>
<Initials>CK</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-564X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong, China, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>King's Park Rise, Kowloon, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Oreh</LastName>
<ForeName>Adaeze</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Hospital Services, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Patidar</LastName>
<ForeName>Gopal</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9681-3898</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Spitalnik</LastName>
<ForeName>Steven L</ForeName>
<Initials>SL</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Vermeulen</LastName>
<ForeName>Marion</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-4526</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Hindawi</LastName>
<ForeName>Salwa</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-5434</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, King Abdalaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Van den Berg</LastName>
<ForeName>Karin</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>The South African National Blood Service, Johannesbur, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Tiberghien</LastName>
<ForeName>Pierre</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9310-8322</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Etablissement Français du Sang, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Vrielink</LastName>
<ForeName>Hans</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Young</LastName>
<ForeName>Pampee</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>American Red Cross, Washington, D.C, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Devine</LastName>
<ForeName>Dana</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>So-Osman</LastName>
<ForeName>Cynthia</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-2865</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>1K23HL151826-01</GrantID>
<Agency>EMB's effort is supported in part by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute</Agency>
<Country></Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Vox Sang</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>0413606</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0042-9007</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19 serotherapy</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">blood donors</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">blood transfusion</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
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<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
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<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
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<Month>06</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
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<Month>6</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<Month>6</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/vox.12970</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7323328</ArticleId>
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<ReferenceList>
<Title>References</Title>
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